Ophthalmology
Glaucoma resources from the Ophthalmology Hyperguide.
The mechanisms that underlie aqueous production and drainage are complex. To understand the glaucomas, the basic anatomy and physiology of aqueous humor production and drainage must first be mastered. The tutorial is an…
Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) were introduced for the treatment of glaucoma in 1954 by Becker1 and Grant.2 Their chronic use has become limited because they are poorly tolerated and because of their…
Applanation tonometry has been the clinical gold standard for intraocular pressure (IOP) determination and the management of glaucoma for almost 50 years. Although Goldmann acknowledged the variable influence of central…
Supported in part by an unrestricted research grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York
Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma in children; however, it occurs less frequently than the primary glaucomas that are seen in adults (Slide 1). It has been estimated that every…
Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness among adult African-Americans and the second leading cause of blindness among adult Americans ages 18 to 65.1 An estimated 80,000 Americans are legally blind from glaucoma…
Many methods have been used to shunt aqueous out of the anterior chamber. Wicks or tubes made of various materials have been described since the early 1900s; however, none proved safe and effective. In 1969, Molteno…
Episcleral venous pressure (EVP) plays an important role in IOP regulation. EVP venous pressure can be raised due to obstruction or shunting of blood through several pathways due to a variety of clinical disease…
Hypotony is statistically defined as IOP of less than 10.1 mm Hg, which is 2 standard deviations below the mean population IOP of 15.9 mm Hg.1 Clinical hypotony occurs when ocular function is decreased secondary to…
It has been known that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor for the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and visual field loss,1-5 and that reducing the IOP in patients at risk can…
Inflammatory glaucoma encompasses a number of etiologies ranging from local ocular inflammation to ocular manifestations of systemic diseases. Despite the etiology of the inflammation, glaucoma develops from a common…
In 1979, Eagle and colleagues1 proposed the term iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome to unify a group of disorders that share a number of clinical characteristics. Essential iris atrophy, Chandler’s syndrome, and…
Juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a form of primary open-angle glaucoma affecting people early in life. JOAG is diagnosed in patients 3 to 20 years old. There is no known racial or sexual predilection. In the…
Peripheral iridectomy (PI) was introduced in 1956 but later gained popularity with the advent of argon laser and, more recently, with the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Peripheral iridectomy involves…
A 60-year-old man was followed by the New England Eye Center glaucoma service since 1993. He was first seen by an ophthalmologist at the age of 18 months because he was noted to have "crossed eyes." Despite wearing…
Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is historically known as rubeotic glaucoma, from the rubeosis iridis that refers to the iris neovascularization seen with this secondary glaucoma. The most common causes of NVG are ischemic…
Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) refers to glaucomatous optic nerve head changes and corresponding glaucomatous visual field defects in the absence of elevated IOP. Glaucoma without high IOP was first described by von…
Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) occurs when pigment from the posterior surface of the iris is liberated and deposited on intraocular structures of both eyes. The pigment can deposit on the corneal endothelium, the…
Primary angle-closure glaucoma occurs by pupillary block or plateau iris and is a common cause of angle-closure glaucoma in young people. Plateau iris configuration refers to anteriorly positioned ciliary body processes…
Worldwide, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness. Estimates have been made demonstrating that one-half of the 67 million people diagnosed with glaucoma have primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). In…
Supported in part by an unrestricted research grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York
Sturge-Weber syndrome is one of several syndromes classified under the heading of phakomatosis because it involves pathology in the skin, eye, and brain. The first reported description of Sturge-Weber syndrome…
The term traumatic glaucoma incorporates a variety of posttraumatic mechanisms that lead to a rise in IOP. Traumatic glaucoma often occurs from a blunt injury that causes anterior segment deformation during impact, but…
No matching resources.