Ophthalmology
Retina resources from the Ophthalmology Hyperguide.
It is the above features that are responsible for the majority of vision loss in patients with AMD. Neovascular AMD most often occurs along with features of nonneovascular AMD but may rarely occur without the atrophic…
Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a retinal vascular disorder seen most frequently in the elderly population (median age of 66 years). The Beaver Dam Eye Study reported that the prevalence and 5-year incidence of…
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is one of the most common retinal vascular disorders. The Beaver Dam Eye Study found that CRVO had a prevalence of 0.1% and a 5-year incidence of 0.2%.1 It typically presents as…
In most cases of CSC, the serous retinal detachments are self-limited and resolve without intervention. Visual acuity typically remains excellent with most patients retaining a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better.…
This tutorial reviews the natural history and treatment outcomes of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, idiopathic cases, pathologic myopia, and angioid streaks. In these…
Cystoid macular edema (CME) is an important cause of visual loss in a large number of surgical and nonsurgical conditions. The diagnosis of CME is usually straightforward and based on clinical and angiographic criteria.…
The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy increases with the age of the patient and the duration of diabetes. After 20 years of diabetes, 99% of insulin-dependent diabetics and 60% of non-insulin-dependent diabetics show…
Introduction Macular holes are a relatively uncommon condition, estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 5,000 patients. Primary idiopathic macular hole is an age-related condition, typically affecting individuals in…
Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) is a rare but important cause of blindness. It is a constellation of signs arising from a reduction in perfusion pressure to the globe (mean blood pressure minus intraocular pressure…
Retinal arterial macroaneuryms (RAMs) are acquired vascular dilatations located mainly at the arterial bifurcations on the first three orders of the arterial tree (Slide 1A and Slide 1B). RAMs occur most commonly in…
Disorders commonly associated with these mechanisms include hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and diseased cardiac valves. In patients younger than 30, other disorders are more significant, including migraine,…
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